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Published on:

December 9, 2025

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Key Provisions of Trade Mark Rules 2017

Think‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ of a situation when you have built a brand step by step over the years and only to find out that someone else is using your brand name. Quite scary, isn't it? That is the place of trademarks, they are the shields of your brand's individuality. But still, it used to be that filing a trademark in India was like going through a complicated maze of documents and the process took forever.

Let’s have a look at the 2017 Trade Mark Regulations. These rules, which took over from the 2002 regulations, were a turning point because they made the whole procedure very fast, friendly to the digital world, and simpler for companies. These regulations changed the way you protect your brand if you are a large company or just a college dropout with a startup idea.

We will discuss the Key Provisions of Trade Mark Rules 2017 in this manual, provide an explanation of the fee structure in everyday language and, which is the most important thing, we will talk about the latest 2024-2025 updates because of the Jan Vishwas Act that you must be aware ‌‌‌‌of.

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The 2017 Rules: A Major Turning Point

Before the changes, the trademark process was often criticized for being overly complicated and taking too ‌‌‌‌long. To be in line with the government's "Ease of Doing Business" program, the 2017 Rules changed the whole system. Paperwork was replaced by digital efficiency as the main goal.

‍Speed: Shortening the registration process.

Simplicity: Reducing the variety.

Small Players Support: MSMEs and startups were able to save a lot of money because the costs were greatly reduced.

Let's have a look at the specific provisions that influence you.

1. Significant Form Reduction

If you hate filling out paperwork, this would be your favorite ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌part. Under‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ the old 2002 regulations, there were 74 different forms for various phases of the trademark process. It was a very complicated system and errors were frequent.

The number has been brought down to just eight consolidated forms under the 2017 Rules.

Form TM-A: The "Master Form." In what kind of marks (single class, multi-class, collective marks, etc.) you use this form to file a new application.

Form TM-M: It is the "Miscellaneous Form." Need to ask for an amendment? Want your exam to be done faster? Need a certified copy? You use TM-M.

Form TM-R: A trademark renewal request is made with this form.

Thanks to this consolidation you will no longer have to look for a specific form for each little request. Most of your requests will be met by TM-A or TM-M ‌‌‌‌alone.

2.‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ Special Benefits for Innovative and Small Enterprises

One of the most forward "key elements of Trade Mark Rules 2017" features the identification of startups and small businesses (MSMEs) as a separate class of applicants.

Before, a big multinational corporation and an individual would often find themselves facing the same kind of problems. Now, to facilitate the growth of new businesses:

50% Fee Rebate: Thus, individuals, startups, and small enterprises, as compared to large "Other" type companies (like Pvt Ltd non-startup firms), pay half (50%) of the government fees.

In order to benefit from this, you should maintain a valid Udyam Registration for MSMEs or have a DIPP (Department for the Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade) startup recognition ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌certificate.

3.‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ Rule 34: Expedited Processing

Time is money. Under the old regulations, you were only able to fast track the examination phase. Expedited Processing was extended by the 2017 Rules to the entire trademark registration process, thus, it also included the final award stage.

How it functions: You pay a higher fee and file a request with Form TM-M.

Effect: The hearing is scheduled very quickly and the examination report is almost always issued within a couple of weeks (sometimes even days!) if your application is in order. There is no better way to ensure that you get prompt protection of your rights if you are being infringed or if you are planning to launch a ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌product.

4.‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ A Digital-First Strategy

The 2017 Rules have been designed for the digital age.

The Official Email: The Trademark Registry has officially recognized email as a valid service medium. This frees you from the constraint of waiting for the physical mail and gives you the opportunity to receive inspection reports and alerts directly in your email.

Video Conferencing for Hearings: There is no necessity for you to be physically present in Chennai, Delhi, or Mumbai for each hearing. As per the regulations, hearings can be conducted through video conference, thus companies save a lot of money and time on a trip.

E-Filing Incentives: Online filing is 10% cheaper than the filing done in person. Consequently, the use of paper applications has been effectively ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌discouraged.

5.‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ 3D Marks and Sound

The 2017 Rules clarified the registration process for "non-conventional" trademarks like Sound Marks and 3D Marks.

Sound Marks: Now, along with a graphical representation of the sound, an MP3 file (of no more than 30 seconds) can be submitted. Just think of the Netflix "Ta-dum" or the roaring of the MGM Lion.

3D Marks: You may portray the figure of, for example, a Coca-Cola bottle by uploading a few pictures taken from different angles.

6. Latest Updates: The Jan Vishwas Act (Effective August 1, 2024)

This is the most significant update that you need to know about.

While the 2017 Rules set the stage, the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023, which came into force for Intellectual Property on August 1, 2024, has further changed the scene.

Decriminalization of Violations

The primary aim of this Act was to "decriminalize" minor offenses to promote the ease of doing business.

No More Jail for Minor Errors: Earlier, the falsification of a representation of a trademark as a registered one could have led to imprisonment. The latest amendment has done away with jail sentences in such ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌cases.

Turnover-Based Penalties: The penalty is only a fine now instead of imprisonment. As an illustration, under the altered Section 107, the point of the penalty for fraudulently claiming a trademark as registered is 0.5% of the overall sales/turnover or ₹5 Lakhs, whichever is lower. This method affected offenders financially and at the same time they were not treated as criminals for procedural failure.

Adjudication of Penalties

There is a new system where the "Adjudicating Officer" (appointed by the Registrar) will perform the investigations and decide the punishments instead of the criminal courts being burdened with these cases. It is expected that this would significantly expedite the resolution of disputes.

(Note: Detailed procedural regulations often referred to as the Draft Trade Marks (1st Amendment) regulations 2024/2025 are being prepared to indicate the manner of these new adjudications while the Act is ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌operational.)

Updated‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ 2025 Trademark Fee Structure

A simplified table of government fees that you need to pay is given below. Professional fees (lawyer or agent) would be an additional charge.

Action / Form	Category: Individual / Startup / MSME	Category: Others (Large Companies)
New Application (Form TM-A)	₹ 4,500 (E-Filing)	₹ 9,000 (E-Filing)
Expedited Processing (Form TM-M)	₹ 20,000	₹ 40,000
Renewal (Form TM-R)	₹ 9,000	₹ 9,000
Notice of Opposition	₹ 2,700	₹ 3,000
Counter Statement	₹ 2,700	₹ 3,000

Note: The cost of physical filing is generally 10% more than the amounts ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌mentioned

Conclusion

According‌‌‌‌ to the Key Provisions of Trade Mark Rules 2017, India's intellectual property environment has been transformed from a slow, paper-heavy system to a fast, digital-first one. The changes were aimed at making the protection of one's brand less complicated by reducing the number of forms, lowering the initial cost, and introducing expedited processing.

The system has become more business-friendly with the recent changes in Jan Vishwas Act that are effective from August 2024. It has removed the risk of imprisonment for minor offenses.

Do not wait until someone infringes your rights. Set your brand apart with a registration and be the first to benefit from these simplified ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌regulations

FAQs

1. What is the difference between Trade Mark Rules 2002 and 2017?

The‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ 2017 Rules made it possible to go from 74 to only 8 forms just by significantly reducing the number of forms, introducing a 50% fee concession for MSMEs and Startups, allowing video conferencing for hearings, and simplifying the expedited processing system compared with the 2002 rules.

2. What are the new penalties under the Jan Vishwas Act 2024?

The law no longer provides for imprisonment for offenses such as falsely representing a trademark as registered. Instead, a penalty amounting to 0.5% of the total turnover or Five Lakh Rupees, whichever is lesser, is imposed.

3. Can I get a refund if my trademark is rejected?

No, the government fee paid for filing a trademark application (Form TM-A) is non-refundable, even if the application is accepted, objected to, or rejected.

4. How fast is the expedited processing under Rule 34?

In case there is no opposition, the registration period for a normal application can be 12-18 months (or even longer), while an expedited application (Form TM-M) usually gets a report of examination within 3-4 weeks, and the whole process is drastically ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌shortened.

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