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Published on:

August 26, 2025

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Basics of GST

Valuation Rule for Supply Under GST: A Complete Guide

Calculating the accurate value of supply is difficult for GST compliance and it is the basis for determining tax liability. Valuation rule for supply under GST undergoes different principles that are different from previous tax regulations. This blog provides a comprehensive guide of the valuation rule for supply under GST offering businesses enough information to maintain their tax liability and compliance.

Understanding the Basics of GST Valuation

Direct tax liability

Penalties and litigation for incorrect valuation

It can affect input tax credit claims

It can ensure fair competition

Components of Transaction Value (Section 15(2))

Must include Taxes and duties ( except GST itself)

Incidental expenses

Commission and packing

Transportation charges

Insurance

Loading /unloading fees

Interest /penalties for delayed payment

Subsidies linked to price

Charges for anything done before and after delivery

Must Exclude :

Invoice discounts

Post supply discounts

Subsidies of Government

Pure agent reimbursements

Pure Agent Concept

Pure agent is someone who has contractual agreement to act as an agent. Pure agents don't hold title to goods and services, don't use supplies for their own interest, and receive actual reimbursement. For Example: Tax consultant who pays statutory fees for a client.

Special Valuation Rules (CGST Rules 2017)

Rule 27: Value of Supply Where Consideration Is Not Wholly in Money

When the consideration for a supply is not in money wholly, the value shall be determined in the following way:

Methods (in order):

Open market value

Value of similar supplies

Cost plus reasonable profit

Other reasonable means

Related persons include:

Officers

Business partners

Employer -employee

25% voting stick owners

Family members

Rule 28: Distinct Persons valuation

This rule deals with supplies between distinct persons as specified in sub-sections (4) and (5) of section 25 or between related persons, the value shall be:

For registrations of same entity

Methods include

Open market value

Similar supply value

Cost plus profit

Other reasonable means

90% of price charges to unrelated customers

Rule 29: Agent Transactions

The value of supply of goods between the principal and his agent should be as follows:

Value= either open market value, or 90% of price charged to customers

For commission agents: goods prove + commission

Rule 30: Cost- Based Valuation

When the value of a supply is not determinable by any of the other relevant rules, the value shall be as follows:

Value = 110% of

Production /acquisition cost of goods

Cost of services

Rule 31: Residual Method

This rule states about the valuation by using reasonable means when other rules are not applicable.

Other rules doesn't apply

Implementation of reasonable means

Consistent with valuation rule for supply under GST

Rule 31A: Special Cases

This rule provides for the value of supply for the following activities:

Lottery / gambling

Foreign exchange

Air travel agents bases on RBI reference

Insurance varies by policy type

Industry-Specific Valuation

Real Estate

The GST rates for affordable houses range from 1% GST on 2 / 3 and 1 / 3 considered lands. For residential purposes the GST is 5% on 2 / 3 value. For commercial purposes the GST value ranges from 18% on full value minus land.

E-Commerce

The GST for e-commerce includes platform fees /commissions. The TCS at 1% on net value. Special handling for returns/cancellation.

Works Contracts

Full contract value including materials and labourand no deduction for labour and only land value deductible where it is applicable.

Restaurant Services

For Restaurants, the GST service is 5% GST without ITC. And also 18% for restaurants in premium hotels.

Special Scenarios

Free Samples and Gifts

ITC reversal required for samples

Gifts up to ₹50,000 /year/recipient may be excluded

Beyond threshold, open market value applies

Vouchers and Coupons

Value = money value on voucher

Time of supply = issue or redemption date

Loyalty points included in value

Exchange / Barter Transactions

Value = money + open market value of exchanged items

For automobiles: differential + value of exchanges vehicle

Deemed Supplies

Business assets include permanent transfer

Related person supplies

Principal-agent transaction

Import of services from related persons

Common Valuation Challenges

Freight and insurance inclusion

Post-supply discount documentation

Composite vs. mixed supplies

Export and import valuation

Anti-profiteering Impact

Tax reduction benefits just pass to consumers

Proper records required to show compliance

Penalties up to 100% of the profiteered amount

The input tax credits linkage affects the value of ITC claims and over-valuation leads to excess ITC and scrutiny and under valuation refers to potential ITC reversals

Composite and Mixed Supplies

Composite Supply

Principal supply + ancillary supplies

Value = total consideration

Tax rate of principal supply

Mixed Supply

Two or more individual supplies

Value = total consideration

Highest tac rate supply

Required Documentation

Taxable value

GST rate

Tax Amount

Discount details

HSN/SAC code

Records to Maintain

Pricing policy.

Discount schemes.

Methods to Improve

Maintain proper documentation.

Regularly review valuation methods.

Implant robust ERP systems.

Conduct periodic internal audit.

Train staff on the valuation principle.

Consult experts for coms for complex scenarios

Conclusion

Valuation rule for supply under GST is a critical concept that directly affects tax compliance. During the transaction, the value remains as a fundamental principle, and various special rules apply to specific scenarios and business arrangements. A knowledge of these provisions is essential for accurate GST calculation and to avoid disputes.

As GST grows, updating with the latest valuation provisions and judicial interpretation is difficult. Proper documentation, valuation principle and reviews will help a business to navigate the complexity of GST valuation effectively.

For customized guidance contact, Swipe who can offer expert opinion and valuation for your industry transactions

FAQs

What is the basic understanding of a GST valuation?

Section 15 of the CGST Act,2017, along with the CGST Rules, 2017, provides the legal framework for the valuation of goods and services under GST. Valuation under GST determines the process of evaluating the value on which the tax will be levied. proper valuation is critical because Direct tax liability, Penalties and litigation for incorrect valuation, can affect input tax credit claims, it can ensure fair competition

What is a pure agent concept?

Pure agent is someone who has contractual agreement to act as an agent. Pure agents don't hold title to goods and services, don't use supplies for their own interest, and receive actual reimbursement. For Example : Tax consultant who pays statutory fees for a client.

What are the industry-specific valuations?

The GST for e-commerce includes platform fees /commissions. The TCS at 1% on net value. Special handling for returns/cancellation

Explain valuation rules for supply?

Calculating the accurate value of supply is difficult for GST compliance and it is the basis for determining tax liability. Valuation rule for supply under GST undergoes different rules and principles that are different from previous tax regulations